Background Research
Before our research project was fully idealized we researched the core concepts behind it to verify it was fully possible, here is the cumulation of our efforts:
Carvalho, P. S., & Rodrigues, M. J. (2017). The bottle-flip challenge demystified: Where is the centre of mass. FCUP - Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto. https://web.fc.up.pt/giedif/papers/ped_bottle_preview.pdf
This article covers finding the center of mass of a water bottle and its location. They test this using a series of dots and a high frame rate to track the parabolic motion of the launched water bottle. They then track the dots and compare them in a graph to see which one would fit a hypothetical model of where the bottle's center of mass should be. This is useful as we need the bottle's center of mass for our calculations, and having a rough idea of its placement is necessary for this project to function.
Center of Mass of an Irregular Object. (n.d.). Flipping Physics with Billy, Bobby, and Bo. https://www.flippingphysics.com/uploads/2/1/1/0/21103672/0270_lecture_notes_-_center_of_mass_of_an_irregular_object.pdf
This document covers finding the center of mass of an irregularly shaped object. They use a method of finding the area of smaller shapes within the object and substituting their values in for the lengths. They do assume that everywhere within the object has an equal density but we will be assuming the same. This is useful because the shape of the water inside the bottle will not be consistent and finding the center of mass is very critical for our calculations.
Röhrl, V. (2018). Report on problem 17: Water bottle. GYPT. https://www.gypt.org/static/online_examples/water_bottle.pdf
This document goes over the positions of the center of mass of the water bottle, the base of the bottle, and the tip of a water bottle for the duration of time it took for a man-made flip to occur. The author then derived theoretical formulas for the location of the previously stated variables. The authors then took the different parameters and compared them in numerous graphs, with the intent to compare the experimental values to the actual values and see the accuracy of his formulas. We can potentially utilize this in our research to reverse derive an optimal angle for the starting launch position.
Blogger, F. (2020, November 4). What is the physics behind the Bottle Flip? science project on Bottle Flipping. dailystorylife.com. https://www.dailystorylife.com/post/what-is-the-physics-behind-the-bottle-flip-science-project-on-bottle-flipping
In this source it talks about what physics happens behind the bottle flipping, which includes angular momentum. And in this article, it gives some simple discretion about the angular momentum which shows it depends on its angular velocity (how fast it rotates) and its moment of inertia (how much mass the object spreads out from a central point). We will use this article as the introduction to our research and to explain what we try to find through this experiment. And why we need to pay attention on the bottle flipping.
Gu, Y., Bai, Y., Xin, Y., Xiao, L., Wang, S., & Sun, H. (2021). Dynamic Stabilization of Water Bottles. arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.10585.
In this article, these authors made some research on how the water amount, angular velocity, and releasing height will affect the bottle flipping during the experiment. Based on their research, they find at same height the velocity will be close to the same. And they try to figure out how to make the moving water bottle more stable, they compare the frequency under three factors they try to test. What's more they use two different ways to test how the frequency changed. We can get a general look of how the physics paper looks like, and we can try to use their equation as a background source to test the amount of water and the angle of the water bottle need to be flipped. Also, we can know how they keep their constant values and just change one of the factors to make experiment.
Buddies, S., & Finio, B. (2024, February 20). The physics of bottle-flipping. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-physics-of-bottle-flipping/
In this article, the author simply described the main point of the water bottle flipping experiment and the general background behind it. Also, the author mentions some main physics knowledge that can be tested during the experiment. We can use this as our introduction and basic background to get a general understanding of what we need to find through this bottle flipping and we need to figure out from it. What's more, we can know that which part of physics we need to pay more attention to.
Dekker, P. J., Eek, L. A. G., Flapper, M. M., Horstink, H. J. C., Meulenkamp, A. R., van der Meulen, J., Kooij, E. S., Snoeijer, J. H., & Marin, A. (2018, October 1). Water bottle flipping physics. AlP Publishing. https://pubs.aip.org/aapt/aip/article/86/10/733/1057911/
Water-bottle-flipping-physics Rotational physics are a big part in water bottle flipping. After the water bottle starts flipping the angular velocity keeps the rotation constant and is related to the center of mass. With the water constantly moving the center of mass changes. This increases the inertia of the water bottle. If the bottle is flipped correctly, it looks like it is completely horizontal before making a nearly perfect vertical descent. We will use this in our research to find equations and compare the results.
Nassoy, J., Nguyen Huu, M., & Rembotte, L. (2024, September 19). The water bottle flipping experiment: a quantitative comparison between experiments and numerical simulations. Radware bot manager Captcha. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6404/ad6e43/pdf
In this article they experimental and theoretical physics to find how different things affect the flipping off bottles. They looked at the angles and used simulations to collect their data. They then used graphs to plot the motion of the cap of the bottle. They also used graphs to see the bottom of the bottle. They also changed the amount of liquid in the bottles. We will use this as a base for part of our research.
Khan Academy. (n.d.). What if center of mass?. Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/linear-momentum/center-of-mass/a/what- is-center-of-mass#:~:text=1f%20we%20push%20on%20a,about%20the%20center%20of%20mass.
Center of mass is the average position of all the mass in an object. The center of mass is not always in the center of the object. Vector addition can be used to calculate the center of mass. Most of the time the center of gravity is in the same spot as the center of mass. The center of mass is very useful in this experiment. We will use these equations in our research to calculate where the center of mass is at every position.
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